Omwe amakonda kusuta ndudu ayenera kudziwa zoyambira za cellophane.Kupatula ndudu za ku Cuba isanafike 1992, zomwe zinalibe mapepala oyikapo, ndudu zambiri masiku ano zimayikidwa muzoyika zowonekera.Koma kodi cellophane ndi chiyani ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani imatchuka kwambiri?
Mu 1910, katswiri wamankhwala waku Switzerland, Jacques Brandenberger, adachita upainiya wa cellophane yomwe idakwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo chazakudya ndipo idadziwika bwino pamakampani opanga maswiti ndi fodya.Kuyika koyamba kwa ndudu ya cellophane kudabadwira ku Tampa, Florida mu 1927, ndipo maiko ena adatsatira mwachangu.Ku Cuba, mpaka m'ma 1990, zida zambiri zopangira ndudu kumeneko zidapangidwa ndi cellophane.Kutsika kwa cellophane masiku ano ndi chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera kwambiri komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta amchere, koma kukonza bwino kwake ndiko kusankha koyamba kwa kuyika ndudu.
Mapepala onyezimira osatentha kwambiri asanduka mbadwo watsopano wa zinthu zakale zophikira, zomwe zikuyambitsa kamvuluvulu wa "mapepala onyezimira" akuphika ku Europe!Pepala lowoneka bwino lowoneka bwino limatha kuwona mwachindunji kusintha kwa kuphika chakudya, kulola wophikayo kusintha nthawi ndi kutentha kwake munthawi yake, kusunga zakudya komanso kukoma kwa chakudya, komanso kupatsanso odya chakudya chotsitsimula!
Wiritsani glazed pepala pa kutentha!Wophikayo amagwiritsa ntchito pepala lophika la ku Italy la Carta Fata lomwe limatha kupirira kutentha kwa 230 ° C ndipo limatha kuphikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.Zosakaniza zatsopano monga nkhanu ndi nkhanu zimakulungidwa mmenemo kuti ziphike zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kwinaku zikusunga kutsitsimuka ndi zakudya za zosakanizazo.Iyi ndi njira yophikira yatsopano yomwe sitingaphonye.
Cellophane, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti filimu ya cellophane, ndi filimu yopyapyala yopangidwa ndi zomatira pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wachilengedwe monga zamkati za thonje ndi zamkati zamatabwa ngati zida.Ndi yowonekera, yopanda poizoni, komanso yopanda fungo.
Unyolo wa mamolekyu uli ndi micro permeability yodabwitsa, yomwe imalola kuti mankhwalawa apume ngati dzira kudzera mu ma micropores pa dzira la dzira, lomwe limapindulitsa kwambiri kusungidwa ndi ntchito ya mankhwala;Kukana kwamphamvu kwamafuta, alkaline, ndi organic solvents;Sichimapanga magetsi osasunthika ndipo sichimamwa fumbi lokha;Wopangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe, amatha kuyamwa madzi mu zinyalala ndikuwola popanda kuwononga chilengedwe.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mapepala opangira zinthu komanso mapepala okongoletsera.Kuwonekera kwake kumapangitsa kuti mkati mwa mankhwalawo mukhale omveka poyang'ana pang'onopang'ono, komanso imakhala ndi zinthu monga kukana chinyezi, kusasunthika, kupuma, ndi kusindikiza kutentha, kupereka chitetezo chabwino kwa mankhwalawa.Poyerekeza ndi filimu wamba ya pulasitiki, ili ndi zabwino monga kusakhala ndi magetsi osasunthika, kupewa fumbi, komanso kupotoza bwino.Mapepala agalasi amatha kukhala oyera, achikuda, ndi zina zotero. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nembanemba yotheka.
Cellophane ndi regenerated cellulose, ndipo pali mpweya wodabwitsa pakati pa magulu ake a maselo, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri kusunga katundu.Sizilimbana ndi moto koma sizitentha, ndipo zimatha kupirira kutentha kwa 190 ℃ popanda kupunduka.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popakira chakudya pochotsa tizilombo totentha kwambiri pamodzi ndi chakudya.Kuphatikiza apo, monga zopangira za cellophane zimachokera ku chilengedwe, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka
Amatchedwanso cellulite.Kanema wopangidwanso wa cellulose wowonekera kwambiri komanso wonyezimira.Pali mapepala athyathyathya ndi mapepala apaintaneti.Kuchuluka 30-60g/㎡.Zopanda utoto, zimathanso kupakidwa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana.Mapepala ndi ofewa, owoneka bwino komanso osalala, opanda perforations, mpweya, mafuta ndi madzi kugonjetsedwa.Kuuma kwapakatikati.Ili ndi mphamvu yabwino yolimbikira, yonyezimira, komanso yosindikiza.Njira yopanga ndi yosiyana ndi kupanga mapepala komanso yofanana ndi njira ya silika wopangira.kutengera α- Woyeretsedwa mankhwala nkhuni zamkati kapena thonje linter kusungunuka zamkati ndi mkulu mapadi okhutira ntchito monga zopangira kukonzekera zamchere mapadi kudzera alkalization (18% sodium hydroxide), kukanikiza, kuphwanya, ndi njira zina.Pambuyo pa ukalamba, carbon disulfide imawonjezeredwa ku cellulose yachikasu xanthate, yomwe imasungunuka mu sodium hydroxide solution kuti ipange zomatira za lalanje.Zomatirazo zimakhwima pa kutentha kwa 20-30 ℃, zimasefedwa kuti zichotse zonyansa ndi thovu, ndiyeno zimatulutsidwa kudzera mumpata wopapatiza mumakina okoka filimu.Amalowa mumadzi osambira a sulfuric acid ndi sodium sulfate osakaniza kuti apange filimu yopyapyala (filimu yosinthika ya cellulose), yomwe imatsukidwa, kutsukidwa, kutsukidwa, kutsukidwa, kuchotsedwa, kupangidwa ndi pulasitiki (glycerol ndi ethylene glycol, etc.), ndipo pamapeto pake zowuma. kupanga.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polongedza katundu monga mankhwala, chakudya, ndudu, nsalu, zodzoladzola, zida zolondola, ndi zina.
Kusintha kwamphamvu kwa pepala lagalasi kumakhudza kufalikira kwa filimuyi panthawi yosindikiza.M'kati mwa mphamvu zovomerezeka, kutalika kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa kulondola kwa kusindikiza kwa mitundu.Kupsinjika kumatha kusinthidwa kutengera mtundu wa zinthu zapansi panthaka komanso kutalika kwake.Mwachitsanzo, ngati elongation ya filimu PE ndi yaikulu, chipwirikiti mtengo ayenera kukhala ang'onoang'ono;Kwa mapepala, PET, OPP, ndi mafilimu ena apulasitiki omwe ali ndi mitengo yochepa yowonjezera, kupanikizika kungathe kuwonjezereka moyenera.Pamwamba pake ndi yosalala komanso yopanda pores, ndipo wosanjikiza wa inki samakhazikika mosavuta kapena osakhazikika.Kusindikiza kwamtundu woyamba kumalizidwa, ndikosavuta kumangirizidwa ndi inki kuchokera pamtundu wotsatira, kuchititsa mapangidwe osakwanira ndi zolemba, zomwe zimabweretsa zolakwika;
Pambuyo kulongedza zinthu ndi izo, imatha kuteteza dzimbiri, chinyezi, ndi kuipitsa.Koma cellophane imakhalanso ndi zovuta zake: kulimba kwautali wautali, kutsika kwamphamvu kodutsa, kung'ambika kosakwanira, komanso kung'amba pang'ono kumatha kusweka.Mapepala agalasi alinso ndi hydrophilicity, kotero amatha kuyamwa madzi.Pankhani ya madzi, nthawi zambiri amamatira, ndipo ikafika kutentha, masamba amapepala amamangiriridwa mosavuta kukhala midadada.Makhalidwe a cellophane ndi owonekera kwambiri, kuwala kwamphamvu, komanso mtundu wowala makamaka pambuyo pa kusindikiza zithunzi ndi malemba, zomwe sizingatheke ndi mafilimu apulasitiki;Kusinthika kwabwino kosindikiza, popanda chithandizo chilichonse musanasindikize, komanso pepala lagalasi limakhalanso ndi anti-static treatment performance, yomwe siili yophweka kukopa fumbi ndikupewa zolakwika zosindikiza monga chithunzi ndi kumamatira.Komabe, kukana kwake kwa chinyezi kumakhala kosavuta, ndipo filimuyi imakhala yovuta chifukwa cha kutentha ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulembetsa zithunzi ndi malemba panthawi yosindikiza.
Chokoleti chokhacho padziko lonse lapansi chabadwa mwalamulo.Clara Ritter akufuna kupanga mtundu wa chokoleti womwe ukhoza kuikidwa mu jekete lamasewera popanda kuchepetsa kulemera.Malingaliro awa adalandira kuzindikira mwachangu kuchokera kubanja.Chokoleti chamtunduwu chimatchedwa "Chokoleti cha Masewera a Rhett" chifukwa chimagwirizana bwino ndi zovala za amuna.
Mu 1939, zipolowe ku Waldenburg.
Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, kuchuluka kwa chokoleti kudachepa pang'onopang'ono ndipo pamapeto pake kunasiya kupanga mu 1940.
Mu 1946, anabwerera!
Fakitale ya chokoleti ya Alfred Ritter ikupitiliza kupanga masiwiti osiyanasiyana omwe si a koko.
Mu 1960, gonjetsani mabwalo ang'onoang'ono a South Germany.
Alfred Otto Ritter waganiza zoyang'ana bizinesi ya kampaniyo pa ma cubes a chokoleti.Zogulitsa zina zambiri monga maswiti atchuthi, midadada yayitali ya chokoleti, ndi chokoleti chamtundu wopanda pake zimasiyidwa pang'onopang'ono.Ndipo adakhazikitsa bwino mtundu wa Ritter Sport.Panthawiyo, chokoleti chatsopanocho chinali chokulungidwa mu pepala la cellophane lamtundu wa chokoleti, ndi logo ya Ritter Sport yolembedwapo.
Mu 1970, miyala ya dayamondi yaing’ono inafalitsidwa m’dziko lonse la Germany.
Chaka chino ndi chofunika kwambiri pa bizinesi ya banjali, chifukwa chadziwika bwino kwa anthu onse a ku Germany.Ritter Sport imabweretsa chokoleti chomwe sichinachitikepo - chokoleti choyamba ku Germany chokhala ndi yogati.Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, zotsatsira pawailesi yakanema zimene zinafalikira m’dziko lonselo zinalinso zisanachitikepo ndi kale lonse ku Germany panthaŵiyo.Kutsatsa kwamakono, kosangalatsa, komanso kwapadera kumeneku, limodzi ndi mawu omveka bwino akuti 'Chokoleti Wangwiro ndi masikweya', akugogomezera zapadera za Ritter Sport.
1) Cellophane
Cellophane ndi filimu yowonekera kwambiri komanso yonyezimira yopangidwanso ndi cellulose, yomwe kale imadziwika kuti cellophane, kumasulira kwa English cellophane.Ndilo mtundu wa pepala lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu, lomwe lili m'gulu la mapepala oyikapo.Chonde dziwani kuti palinso mawu otchedwa celluloid, omwe si pepala, koma pulasitiki ya nitrocellulose (zopangira kupanga mipira ya tenisi).Celluloid ndi kumasulira kwa Chingerezi kwa celluloid.Osasokoneza awiriwo.
Kuchuluka kwa cellophane nthawi zambiri kumakhala 30-60g/m2.Pali mitundu iwiri ya mapepala: pepala lathyathyathya ndi pepala la intaneti.Nthawi zambiri pepala lopanda utoto, lowoneka bwino, komanso losalala lopyapyala, lopanda ma perforations, losapumira, losatha mafuta, komanso losatha madzi;Kukhala ndi mlingo wina wa kuuma;Ili ndi mphamvu yabwino yolimbikira, yonyezimira, komanso yosindikiza.Ikhozanso kupakidwa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana (yofiira, yachikasu, ndi zina).
Cellophane imapangidwanso cellulose, ndipo mipata pakati pa magulu ake a maselo imakhala ndi mpweya wodabwitsa, womwe umapindulitsa poteteza ndi kusunga katundu.Sizilimbana ndi moto, koma sizitentha ndipo zimatha kupirira kutentha kwa 190 ℃ popanda kupindika.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popakira chakudya pochotsa tizilombo totentha kwambiri pamodzi ndi chakudya.Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake, cellophane imawola mwamphamvu komanso imakhudza chilengedwe.
Mapepala agalasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito α- Woyeretsedwa matabwa amtundu wamankhwala kapena thonje linter kusungunuka zamkati zomwe zili ndi cellulose zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira, ndipo cellulose yamchere imakonzedwa kudzera mu alkalization (18% sodium hydroxide), kukanikiza, kuphwanya, ndi njira zina.Pambuyo pa ukalamba, carbon disulfide imawonjezeredwa kuti ikhale yachikasu mu cellulose xanthate, yomwe imasungunuka mu sodium hydroxide solution kuti ipange zomatira za lalanje.Zomatirazo zimakhwima pa kutentha kwa 20-30 ℃, zimasefedwa kuti zichotse zonyansa ndi thovu, ndiyeno zimatulutsidwa kudzera mumpata wopapatiza mumakina okoka filimu.Amalowa mumadzi osambira a sulfuric acid ndi sodium sulfate osakaniza kuti apange filimu yopyapyala (filimu yosinthika ya cellulose), yomwe imatsukidwa, kutsukidwa, kutsukidwa, kutsukidwa, kuchotsedwa, kupangidwa ndi pulasitiki (glycerol ndi ethylene glycol, etc.), ndipo pamapeto pake zowuma. kupanga.
2) Pepala lagalasi la fiber
Pepala lagalasi la fiber ndi pepala la mafakitale lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosefera, zotsekemera zotsekemera, zotsekemera, zotchingira zamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri. , ndi kukhazikika bwino kwa mawonekedwe.
Mapepala amtunduwu amasiyana ndi kupanga mapepala wamba, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito 100% ulusi wagalasi (makamaka wopangidwa ndi silika, wokhala ndi mainchesi a 0.3-0.5) μ Amapangidwa ndi kumenya pang'ono, kuwonjezera zomatira, kapena kuwonjezera zina zamtengo wamatabwa. pa makina aatali a pepala kapena makina ozungulira ozungulira.Mukhozanso kuwonjezera silicon kapena colloidal alumina kuti pepala likhale lolimba.
Kapangidwe ka pepala lopangidwa ndi magalasi (kapena pepala losefera magalasi) ndilosavuta poyerekeza ndi njira yopangira mapepala.Chifukwa magalasi a fiberglass safuna kumenyedwa, amangofunika kubalalitsidwa.Ndipo palibe chifukwa chosindikizira popanga makope.Njira zochepetsera ndikusunga mphamvu.
Njirayi imayenda motere: fiberglass → dispersion → thanki yosungiramo slurry → mpope wamatope → thanki yosakaniza isanayambe → bokosi losakaniza → grit tray → thanki yamatope → mpope wothira → bokosi lokhazikika → bokosi loyendetsa → gawo la mesh → chipinda choyanika → kupopera → kupopera ndi kulongedza
Cellophane fim is EN13432 industry compostable and OK home compostable , feel free to discuss via williamchan@yitolibrary.com
Cellophane Film - HuiZhou YITO Packaging Co., Ltd.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2023