Iwo amene amakonda kusuta ndudu ayenera kudziwana ndi ma cellophane oyambilira. Kupatula ndudu za Cuba isanakwane 1992, yomwe ilibe pepala la masitepe, ndudu zambiri masiku ano ndizomwe zimakwezedwa m'magawo owonekera. Koma kodi celtophane ndi chiyani ndipo ndi chifukwa chiyani?
Mu 1910, a ku Swit Jacques Jacques Brimenberger adampasala cellophane yomwe idakumana ndi ndalama zachitetezo cha chakudya ndipo zidadziwika bwino m'makampani a maswiti ndi fodya. Ma cellopane oyamba a cellophane adabadwira ku Tampa, Florida mu 1927, ndipo mayiko ena adatsata. Ku Cuba, mpaka 1990s, zopangira zida za ndudu zidapangidwa ndi cellophane. Kuchepa kwa cellophane lero kumachitika chifukwa cha zokolola zake zapamwamba komanso kupezeka kwa zida zopangidwa ndi mchere, koma kukonza kwake ndiye chisankho choyambirira cha ma CD.
Kutentha Kwambiri Kumakhala m'badwo watsopano wa zinthu zakale zamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kambo kakang'ono ka "pepala lokwezeka" kuphika "ku European ku Europe! Pepala lofiirira kwathunthu limatha kuwona mwachindunji kusintha kwa chakudya chophika, kuloleza kuphika kuti musinthe nthawi ndi kutentha munthawi yake, kusunganso zakudya ndi kukoma kwa chakudyacho, pomwe amaperekanso owunikira.
Wiritsani pepala lowala pa kutentha kwambiri! Chef amagwiritsa ntchito Italy Carta Fantal Fabrimon pepala lophika lomwe limatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri kwa 230 C ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Zosakaniza zatsopano monga nkhanu ndi nkhanu zokutidwa kuti ziziphika chakudya chopatsa thanzi, ndikusunga zatsopano ndi zakudya zosakaniza. Ichi ndi njira yophika yatsopano yomwe singaphonyedwe.
Cellophane, imadziwikanso kuti kanema wa cellophane, ndi kanema wopyapyala wopangidwa ndi njira yomatira pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wachilengedwe monga zamkati zamkati ndi mitengo yophika. Ndizowonekeratu, osati poizoni, komanso zopanda fungo.
Mtalecilaur unyolo umakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, omwe amalola kuti malonda azipuma ngati dzira pamacrovores pa mazira pazachiritso, omwe ndi opindulitsa kwambiri pakusungidwa ndi ntchito; Kukana mwamphamvu ku mafuta, alkaline, ndi okhazikika; Samapanga magetsi okhazikika ndipo samadzitenga fumbi; Opangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe, umatha kuyamwa madziwo ndi kuwola osayambitsa chilengedwe. Chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati pepala la zingwe za katundu ndi pepala lokongoletsa. Kuwonekera kwake kumapangitsa mkati mwazinthuzo momveka bwino poyerekeza ndi chinyezi monga kukana, kusindikizidwa, ndi kutetezedwa kwabwino kwa malonda. Poyerekeza ndi pulasitiki wamba, zimakhala ndi magetsi okhazikika, kupewa fumbi, komanso ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Pepala lagalasi limatha kukhala loyera, lokongola, ndi zina zambiri.
Cellophane ndi cellulose yosinthidwa, ndipo pali mabiliyoni odabwitsa pakati pa magulu ake, omwe ndi opindulitsa kwambiri pakusungidwa kwa katundu. Siyosagwirizana ndi moto koma osagwirizana, ndipo amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri kwa 190 ℃ popanda kuphatikizika. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya kuti mafuta am'madzi afooketse matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, monga zopangira za cellophane zimachokera ku chilengedwe, limakhala ndi mphamvu yolimba
Amadziwikanso kuti cellulite. Makanema osinthika a cellose okhala ndi kuwonekera kwambiri komanso kusokosera. Pali pepala lathyathyathya ndi mawebusayiti. Kuchuluka 30-60g / ㎡. Zopanda utoto, zitha kuphedwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pepala ndi lofewa, losawoneka bwino komanso losalala, popanda zopangira, kupuma, mafuta ndi kugonja madzi. Kuuma koyenera. Ili ndi mphamvu zabwino, zodzikongoletsera, komanso kusindikizidwa. Njira yopanga ndi yosiyana ndi mapepala komanso ofanana ndi silika wopanga. Bwerani ndi mitengo yamitengo yotchinga kapena thonje yosungunuka yosungunuka ndi zida zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zophika kuti mukonzekere cellulose (18% sodium hydroxide), kukhazikika, komanso njira zina. Pambuyo kukalamba, kaboni kaboni imawonjezeredwa ku cellulose ya celluse, yomwe idasungunuka mu sodium hydroxide njira yopangira ma cellulose. Zomatira zimakhwima ndi kutentha kwa 20-30 ℃, osasefedwa kuti muchotse zodetsa ndi thovu, kenako ndikutaya kudzera munjira yopapaka mu makina okopa filimu. Imayamba kusamba wosamba wa sulfuric acid ndi sodium sulfate kusakaniza filimu yopyapyala (ma cellulose okhazikika, ndi ophatikizika, ndi owuma kuti apange zipatso. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu monga mankhwala, chakudya, ndudu, zokongoletsa, zodzoladzola, zida zolondola, etc.
Kusintha kwa mikangano ya zigawenga kumakhudza kutalika kwa kanemayo panthawi yosindikiza. Pakati pa mphamvu zambiri zovomerezeka, mkokomo umawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka, komwe kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa kusindikizidwa kwa utoto. Kusamvana kumatha kusinthidwa kutengera mtundu wa zinthu zopindika komanso mtunda. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kutalika kwa pevi filimu ndi kwakukulu, mtengo wamsampha uyenera kukhala wocheperako; Kuti mapepala, chiweto, chotsutsa, ndi mafilimu ena apulasitiki okhala ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo, kusokonezeka kumatha kuwonjezeka bwino. Pamwamba ndi yosalala komanso yopanda ma pores, ndipo inki ya inki siyikukhazikika kapena yosakhazikika. Kusindikiza koyamba kwa utoto kumamalizidwa, ndikosavuta kukhazikika ndi inki kuchokera kufupi ndi utoto wotsatira, ndikupangitsa kuti mawonekedwe ndi mawu osakwanira;
Pambuyo pazakudya nazo zinthuzo, zimatha kuletsa dzimbiri, chinyezi, ndi kuipitsidwa. Koma celphaphane ilinso ndi zojambula: Mphamvu zambiri zazitali, mphamvu zotsekemera zochepa, mphamvu zosauka, ngakhale kuti ngakhale mpweya umatha kusweka mosavuta. Pepala lagalasi lilinso ndi hydrophilicity, motero imatha kuyamwa madzi. Ponena za madzi, nthawi zambiri amatsatira, ndipo zikafika potenthedwa, masambawa amalumikizidwa mosavuta kulowa. Makhalidwe a cellophane ndiwowonekera kwambiri, okongoletsera, komanso mtundu wowoneka bwino pambuyo posindikiza zithunzi ndi malembedwe, omwe sangathe kupezeka ndi mafilimu apulasitiki; Kutsatira kusinthasintha kwabwino, popanda chithandizo chilichonse musanasindikize, ndipo pepala lagalasi ilinso ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, chomwe sichosavuta kwa adsorb fumbi ndikupewa zolakwa zosindikizira monga chithunzi. Komabe, kukana kwake chinyontho ndi osauka, ndipo filimuyi imakonda kusokoneza chifukwa cha kutentha ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kulembetsa zithunzi ndi mawu kusindikiza.
Chokoleti chokha padziko lonse lapansi chabadwa mwalamulo. Clara Riter adaganiza zopanga mtundu wa chokoleti chomwe chitha kuyikidwa mu jekete yamasewera popanda kuchepetsa kunenepa. Malingaliro awa adalandira chithandizo mwachangu. Chokoleti chamtunduwu umatchedwa "chokoleti cha masewera a Rhett '
Mu 1939, zipolowe ku Wadenburg.
Pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, kupanga chokoleti kwa chokoleti pang'onopang'ono kunachepa ndipo pomaliza adasiya kupanga mu 1940.
Mu 1946, anabwerera!
Fakitale ya chokoleti ya Alfred Riter ikupitilira kupanga masss osiyanasiyana osakhala cocoa.
Mu 1960, gonjetsani mabwalo ang'ono a ku South Germany.
Orfred Otto Rutter asankha kuyang'ana bizinesi ya kampani pa chokoleti. Zinthu zina zambiri monga maswiti a tchuthi, zokoleti zazitali chokoleti, komanso chokoleti chobowola pang'onopang'ono chimasiya. Ndipo adakhazikitsa bwino kwambiri masewera a Ritter. Panthawiyo, chokoleti chatsopanocho chinakutidwa ndi pepala la chokoleti cha chokoleti cha chokoleti, chomwe Chizindikiro cha Ritter chinali chodziwika bwino.
Mu 1970, ma diamond ang'onoang'ono anafalikira ku Germany yonse.
Chaka chino ndi chofunikira kwambiri pabizinesiyi, monga zadziwika kwambiri kwa anthu onse aku Germany. Masewera a Ritter amabweretsa yogart yopanda chidwi ndi chokoleti - chokoleti choyamba ku Germany kuti muli ndi yogati. Nthawi yomweyo, zotsatsa za pa TVwo zikufalikira m'dziko lonselo sizinachitikenso ku Germany nthawi imeneyo. Kutsatsa kwamakono komanso kosangalatsa, komanso kosiyana ndi chokoleti chotsimikizika cha Slogan.
1) cellophane
Cellophane ndi kanema wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino wa cellophane, yemwe kale ndi kutanthauzira kwa English Cellophane. Ndi pepala logwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu, womwe ndi wa gulu la mapepala. Chonde dziwani kuti palinso mawu otchedwa celluloid, omwe si pepala, koma pulasitiki ya nitrocellulose (zopangira zopangira tebulo la tennis). Celluloid ndi Chingerezi cha Celluloid. Osasokoneza awiriwa.
Kuchuluka kwa cellophane nthawi zambiri 30-60g / m2. Pali mitundu iwiri ya pepala: pepala lathyathyathya ndi mawebusayiti. Nthawi zambiri pepala lopanda utoto, losalala, lopanda zonunkhira, osati kupuma, osati mafuta, osati madzi; Kukhala ndi kuwuma kwina; Ili ndi mphamvu zabwino, zodzikongoletsera, komanso kusindikizidwa. Itha kuphedwanso m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana (yofiyira, yachikasu, ndi zina zambiri).
Cellophane ndi cellulose yosinthidwa, ndipo mipata pakati pa magulu ake a mabwalo ali ndi mabizinesi abwino kwambiri, omwe ndi opindulitsa pakuteteza ndikusunga katundu. Siyoteteza moto, koma kusagwirizana ndi kutentha ndipo kumatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri kwa 190 ℃ popanda kuphatikizika. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya kuti mafuta am'madzi afooketse matenda. Chifukwa cha chiyambi chake, cellophane ali ndi vuto lalikulu komanso zovuta zochepetsetsa zachilengedwe.
Pepala lagalasi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokwerera mitengo yazomera kapena chotupa cha thonje kusungunuka ndi zida zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zam'malo zimakonzedwa (18% sodium hydrolization), ndikukaniza, komanso njira zina. Pambuyo kukalamba, kaboni kaboni imawonjezedwa kuti ikhale chikasu pa cellulose xanthate, yomwe idasungunuka mu sodium hydroxide Soluulose. Zomatira zimakhwima ndi kutentha kwa 20-30 ℃, osasefedwa kuti muchotse zodetsa ndi thovu, kenako ndikutaya kudzera munjira yopapaka mu makina okopa filimu. Imayamba kusamba wosamba wa sulfuric acid ndi sodium sulfate kusakaniza filimu yopyapyala (ma cellulose okhazikika, ndi ophatikizika, ndi owuma kuti apange zipatso.
2) pepala la milid
Pepala la fiber
Pepala lamtunduwu limakhala ndi kusiyana kochokera papepala wamba, monga limagwiritsira ntchito mitsuko ya 100% (makamaka ndi maica, ndikuwonjezera zomata zam'mapepala ogulitsa mapepala kapena makina ozungulira. Muthanso kuwonjezera silika kapena aluminal alumina kuti musinthe mphamvu ya pepalalo.
Kupanga ndondomeko ya mazira a galasi (kapena pepala la galasi lamiyenje) ndikosavuta kufafaniza ndi njira yonyamula pepala. Chifukwa cha fiberglass safuna kumenya, zimangofunika kubalalika. Ndipo palibe chifukwa chokhazikika popanga makope. Kuchepetsa njira ndikusunga mphamvu.
Njira yoyenda ili motere: Brobglass → Kuchepetsa Matanki → Slurry Pumy Bonk →
Cellophane fim is EN13432 industry compostable and OK home compostable , feel free to discuss via williamchan@yitolibrary.com
Celnjaphane filimu - HUZIZHU YITO CODING CO., LTD.
Post Nthawi: Sep-22-2023