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Cholakwika ndi chiyani ndi malangizo a EU SUP? Kutsutsa? Amathandizidwa?
Kuwerenga kwapakati: Ulamuliro wa kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki nthawi zonse umakhala wotsutsana, ndipo palinso mawu osiyanasiyana mkati mwa SUP European Union.
Malinga ndi Article 12 ya Disposable Plastics Directive, European Commission iyenera kupereka chitsogozochi pamaso pa July 3, 2021. Kusindikizidwa kwa ndondomekoyi kwachedwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, koma sikunasinthe nthawi iliyonse yomwe yatchulidwa mu malangizowo.
Disposable Plastics Directive (EU) 2019/904 imaletsa makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zapulasitiki zomwe zimatha kutaya, kuphatikiza:
Zida zapa tebulo, mbale, mapesi (kupatula zida zamankhwala), zosakaniza zakumwa
Zotengera zina zazakudya zopangidwa ndi polystyrene yowonjezera
Zotengera zakumwa ndi makapu opangidwa ndi polystyrene yowonjezera
Ndipo zopangidwa ndi mapulasitiki oxidizable komanso owonongeka
Kuyambira pa Julayi 3, 2021.
Kodi mayiko omwe ali membala osiyanasiyana amathandizira kapena amatsutsa malangizowa? Zimakhala zovuta kuti tigwirizane ndikuwonetsa malingaliro osiyana kotheratu.
Italy imatsutsa kwambiri izi chifukwa chololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso.
Lamulo la European SUP (Disposable Plastics) lakhudza chitukuko cha mafakitale apulasitiki a ku Italy ndipo ladzudzulidwa ndi akuluakulu a ku Italy chifukwa choletsa mapulasitiki omwe amatha kuwonongeka ndi compostable, ndipo dziko la Italy likutsogolera pankhaniyi.
Confindustria idadzudzulanso malangizo a SUP Directive ovomerezedwa ndi European Commission, omwe adakulitsa kuletsa kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi pulasitiki pansi pa 10%.
Ireland imathandizira malangizo a SUP, kuchepetsa kudalira mapulasitiki otayidwa komanso kuyang'ana kwambiri kukonzanso.
Ireland ikuyembekeza kuwongolera zatsopano pankhaniyi kudzera pazolimbikitsa zomveka bwino. Izi ndi zina zomwe adzachite:
(1) Yambitsani pulogalamu yobwezera ndalama
Circular Economy Waste Action Plan ikulonjeza kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yosungiramo ndalama ndi kubwezera ndalama kwa mabotolo apulasitiki ndi zitini zakumwa za aluminium pofika m'dzinja 2022. Yankho lomwe linalandira kuchokera ku zokambirana za anthu limasonyeza kuti nzika zikufunitsitsa kwambiri kukhazikitsa ndondomekoyi mwamsanga.
Kuthetsa nkhani ya sup sikungoletsa kuwononga zinthu, komanso kumafuna kuganizira mozama za kusintha kwa chuma chozungulira, chomwe chiyenera kuwonedwa ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe magulu onse achita pofuna kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Ireland ili ndi mwayi waukulu wotengera ndikulimbikitsa machitidwe ndi machitidwe kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kuti tikwaniritse dongosolo lathu lazachuma. Zikuoneka kuti chifukwa cha kutayika kwa zipangizo zopangira pulasitiki, chuma cha padziko lonse chimataya $ 8-120 biliyoni pachaka - 5% yokha yamtengo wapatali imasungidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito.
(2) Chepetsani kudalira SUP
Mu Circular Economy Waste Action Plan, tadzipereka kuchepetsa kwambiri makapu a SUP ndi zotengera zakudya zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito. Tifufuza njira zambiri zochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapulasitiki zotayidwa, monga zopukuta, matumba apulasitiki okhala ndi zimbudzi, ndi matumba okometsera zakudya.
Chodetsa nkhawa chathu choyamba ndi makapu 22000 a khofi omwe amakonzedwa ola lililonse ku Ireland. Izi ndizopeweratu, chifukwa pali njira zina zogwiritsidwira ntchito ndipo ogula aliyense amasankha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kwanthawi yolamula.
Tikuyembekeza kulimbikitsa ogula kuti apange zisankho zoyenera pogwiritsa ntchito njira izi:
Mofanana ndi msonkho wa thumba la pulasitiki, udzaperekedwa pa zonse zotayidwa (kuphatikiza compostable/biodegradable) makapu a khofi mu 2022.
Kuyambira 2022, tidzayesa kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito makapu osafunikira kutaya (monga kukhala mu shopu ya khofi)
Kuyambira 2022, tidzakakamizanso ogulitsa kuti achepetse mitengo kwa ogula omwe ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito makapu ogwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Tidzayendetsa ntchito zoyesa m'malo ndi matauni osankhidwa, kuthetseratu makapu a khofi, ndipo pamapeto pake tidzaletsa chiletso chonse.
Chikondwerero chothandizira kapena okonza zochitika zazikulu kuti asinthe kuchoka kuzinthu zotayidwa kupita kuzinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zilolezo kapena dongosolo lokonzekera.
(3) Pangani opanga kukhala odalirika
Pachuma chenicheni chozungulira, opanga ayenera kukhala ndi udindo wokhazikika pazakudya zomwe amagulitsa pamsika. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) ndi njira yoyendetsera chilengedwe yomwe udindo wa opanga umafikira pagawo lazakudya zamoyo wazogulitsa.
Ku Ireland, tagwiritsa ntchito bwino njira imeneyi posamalira mitsinje yambiri ya zinyalala, kuphatikizapo zida zamagetsi zotayidwa, mabatire, zopakira, matayala, ndi mapulasitiki aulimi.
Kutengera kupambana uku, tibweretsa mayankho atsopano a EPR pazinthu zambiri za SUP:
Fodya wokhala ndi zosefera zapulasitiki (Januware 5, 2023 asanafike)
Zopukuta zonyowa (pasanafike Disembala 31, 2024)
Baluni (pasanafike Disembala 31, 2024)
Ngakhale kuti si ntchito ya SUP mwaukadaulo, tidzakhazikitsanso mfundo yolozera zida za pulasitiki zopha nsomba pa Disembala 31, 2024 kuti tichepetse zinyalala za pulasitiki zam'madzi.
(4) Letsani kuyika zinthuzi pamsika
Langizoli liyamba kugwira ntchito pa Julayi 3, ndipo kuyambira tsikulo, zinthu zapulasitiki zotayidwa zotsatirazi siziloledwa kuyikidwa pamsika waku Ireland:
·Pipette
·Agitator
mbale
zida zapa tebulo
timitengo
Makapu a polystyrene ndi zotengera zakudya
Mphuno ya thonje
Zogulitsa zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi mapulasitiki owonongeka a okosijeni (osati zinthu zapulasitiki zotayidwa)
Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira pa Julayi 3, 2024, chidebe chilichonse chakumwa (botolo, makatoni, ndi zina) zomwe sizidutsa malita a 3 zidzaletsedwa kugulitsidwa pamsika waku Ireland.
Kuyambira Januware 2030, mabotolo aliwonse apulasitiki omwe alibe 30% zopangira zobwezeretsedwanso adzaletsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nkhani Zaku China Zosankhidwa Kumayiko Ena:
Kuyambira pa Julayi 3, maiko omwe ali m'bungwe la EU akuyenera kutsanzikana ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki otayidwa komanso owonongeka, ndikungolola kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki otha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Bungwe la European Commission lalamula kuti sizingayikidwe pamsika wa EU chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti mapulasitiki ndi owopsa kwa zamoyo za m'madzi, zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, komanso thanzi lathu. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapulasitiki zotayidwa kungathandize kuteteza thanzi la anthu ndi Dziko Lapansi.
Ndondomekoyi ikhoza kukhudza kwambiri moyo ndi ntchito za anzathu aku China komanso am'misewu.
Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zidzasinthidwe pang'onopang'ono ndi zina zokhazikika pambuyo pa Julayi 3rd:
Mwachitsanzo, paphwando, mabuloni, zisoti za botolo zosaposa malita 3, makapu a thovu a polystyrene, tableware, udzu, ndi mbale, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndizololedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Makampani olongedza zakudya adzakakamizika kusintha, ndikuyika zakudya sikugwiritsanso ntchito mapulasitiki osawonongeka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala okha.
Palinso zopukutira zaukhondo, matamponi, zopukuta, zikwama, ndi thonje. Zosefera za ndudu zidzasinthanso, ndipo ntchito yausodzi idzaletsanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapulasitiki (malinga ndi Greenpeace, matani 640000 a maukonde ophera nsomba ndi pulasitiki ya zida zimatayidwa m'nyanja chaka chilichonse, ndipo kwenikweni, ndizo zikuluzikulu. olakwa pakuwononga nyanja)
Zogulitsazi ziziyang'aniridwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kuchepetsa kadyedwe kake ndi opanga kulipira 'ndalama zowononga chilengedwe'.
Inde, miyeso yotereyi yakopanso kutsutsidwa ndi mikangano kuchokera kumayiko ambiri, chifukwa kusunthaku kudzakhudzanso kwambiri ntchito za 160000 ndi mafakitale onse apulasitiki ku Italy.
Ndipo Italy ikuyesetsanso kukana, m'maola angapo apitawa, a Roberto Cingolani, Minister of Ecological Transformation, adatsutsa: "Tanthauzo la EU la kuletsa pulasitiki ndi lachilendo kwambiri. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso ndipo musalole kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki owonongeka. Dziko lathu likutsogola pankhani ya mapulasitiki owonongeka, koma sitingathe kuwagwiritsa ntchito chifukwa pali malangizo opusa omwe amati 'mapulasitiki omwe amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito angagwiritsidwe ntchito'.
Izi zitha kukhudzanso kutumiza zinthu zing'onozing'ono kuchokera ku China. M'tsogolomu, kutumiza katundu wapulasitiki kumayiko a EU kungakhale koletsedwa komanso zofunikira zakuthupi. European Union imayika kufunikira kwakukulu pachitetezo cha chilengedwe, chifukwa chake pali magombe odziwika bwino, nyanja zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino, komanso nkhalango zowirira.
Sindikudziwa ngati aliyense wawona, mwachitsanzo, chakudya chofulumira monga McDonald's chasintha mwakachetechete mapesi apulasitiki ndi zivundikiro za makapu ndi zivundikiro zamapepala ndi zivundikiro za udzu. Mwinamwake kumayambiriro kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyeso, anthu sangakhale akuzoloŵera, koma pang'onopang'ono adzavomerezedwa ngati chizolowezi.
Kuwunikiridwa kwa zofunikira ndi zolinga za pulasitiki ya EU:
Zosintha zazikulu zikubwera posachedwa, koma ngati tivomereza, titha kupeza phindu lazachuma, chilengedwe, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndikuyika Ireland patsogolo pakusintha kwachuma kozungulira.
1. Khazikitsani njira yotseka kuti muchepetse kulowetsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa mapulasitiki
M'mbuyomu, njira yochiritsira yazinyalala ku Europe inali kuwatengera ku China ndi mayiko ena aku Asia, kapena mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ku South America. Ndipo mabizinesi ang'onoang'onowa ali ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri zogwirira pulasitiki, ndipo pamapeto pake zinyalala zimatha kusiyidwa kapena kukwiriridwa m'madera akumidzi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe. Tsopano, China yatseka chitseko cha "zinyalala zakunja", zomwe zimayendetsa European Union kulimbikitsa chithandizo cha mapulasitiki.
2. Mangani zambiri pulasitiki backend processing zomangamanga
3. Limbikitsani kuchepetsa pulasitiki pa gwero ndi kulimbikitsa zobwezeretsanso
Kulimbikitsa kuchepetsa pulasitiki pa gwero ayenera kukhala chitsogozo chachikulu cha ndondomeko pulasitiki mtsogolo. Pofuna kuchepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala, kuyenera kuperekedwa patsogolo pakuchepetsa ndi kugwiritsiranso ntchito, pomwe kubwezeretsanso kuyenera kukhala "ndondomeko ina".
4. Kupititsa patsogolo kusinthika kwazinthu
'Mapulani ena' obwezeretsanso amatanthauza mfundo yolimbikitsa opanga zinthu kuti azitha kupirira komanso kuyika zinthu zochepa zomwe zitha kubwezeretsedwanso (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zitha kubwezerezedwanso zomwe zili ndi paketi yapulasitiki) poyankha kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki kosalephereka. Apa, 'Green Public Procurement' iyenera kukhala imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamakampani.
5. Kambiranani za kuthekera kokhometsa msonkho wapulasitiki
Bungwe la European Union pakali pano likukambirana ngati lipereke msonkho wa pulasitiki, koma ngati ndondomeko zake zenizeni zidzakhazikitsidwa sizikudziwikabe.
Bambo Favoino adaperekanso mitengo ya EU yobwezeretsanso pulasitiki: kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki padziko lonse lapansi ndi 15% yokha, pomwe ku Europe ndi 40% -50%.
Izi ndichifukwa cha dongosolo la Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi European Union, pomwe opanga amayenera kulipira gawo lina la ndalama zobwezeretsanso. Komabe, ngakhale ndi dongosolo loterolo, 50% yokha ya mapulasitiki apulasitiki ku Europe amasinthidwanso. Choncho, kubwezeretsanso mapulasitiki sikukwanira.
Ngati palibe njira zomwe zingatsatidwe malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano, kupanga pulasitiki padziko lonse kudzawirikiza kawiri pofika 2050, ndipo kulemera kwa pulasitiki m'nyanja kudzaposa kulemera kwa nsomba zonse.
Feel free to discuss with William : williamchan@yitolibrary.com
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-16-2023