Kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki ndi vuto la chilengedwe lomwe likudetsa nkhawa padziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko ochulukirachulukira akupitilizabe kukweza miyeso ya "pulasitiki malire", kufufuza mwachangu ndikulimbikitsa ndikulimbikitsa zinthu zina, kupitiliza kulimbitsa chitsogozo cha mfundo, kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha mabizinesi ndi anthu za kuvulaza kwa kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki komanso kutenga nawo gawo pakudziwitsa za kuwononga pulasitiki, komanso kulimbikitsa kupanga zobiriwira komanso moyo wawo.
pulasitiki ndi chiyani?
Pulasitiki ndi gulu lazinthu zopangidwa ndi ma polima opangidwa kapena semi-synthetic apamwamba kwambiri. Ma polima awa amatha kupangidwa kudzera muzochita za polymerization, pomwe ma monomers amatha kukhala mankhwala a petrochemical kapena mankhwala achilengedwe. Pulasitiki nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri a thermoplastic ndi thermosetting, ndi kulemera kopepuka, kukana dzimbiri, kutchinjiriza bwino, pulasitiki wamphamvu ndi zina. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya pulasitiki imaphatikizapo polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga, zomangamanga, zamankhwala, zamagetsi ndi minda yamagalimoto. Komabe, popeza mapulasitiki ndi ovuta kuwononga, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kwa nthawi yaitali kumabweretsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi kukhazikika.
Kodi titha kukhala moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku popanda pulasitiki?
Pulasitiki imatha kulowa m'mbali zonse za moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso kulimba kwake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene pulasitiki imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika chakudya, chifukwa cha zotchinga zake zabwino kwambiri za mpweya ndi zakumwa, zimatha kuwonjezera moyo wa alumali wa chakudya, kuchepetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha chakudya ndi kutaya zakudya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndizosatheka kuti tichotse pulasitiki kwathunthu. Ngakhale pali njira zambiri padziko lonse lapansi, monga nsungwi, galasi, zitsulo, nsalu, compostable ndi biodegradable, pali njira yayitali yoti ipitirire m'malo mwa zonsezi.
Tsoka ilo, sitingathe kuletsa pulasitiki kwathunthu mpaka patakhala njira zina zachilichonse kuyambira pakumanga ndi zoyika zachipatala mpaka mabotolo amadzi ndi zoseweretsa.
Miyezo yotengedwa ndi mayiko pawokha
Pamene kuzindikira kuopsa kwa pulasitiki kwakula, mayiko ambiri asamukira kuletsa matumba apulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kapena / kapena kulipiritsa chindapusa kuti alimbikitse anthu kusintha njira zina. Malinga ndi zolemba za United Nations komanso malipoti angapo atolankhani, maiko 77 padziko lonse lapansi aletsa, kuletsa pang'ono kapena kukhoma msonkho wamatumba apulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi.
France
Kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2023, malo odyera othamanga ku France adayambitsa "malire apulasitiki" - zotayidwa zapulasitiki zotayidwa ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zogwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ili ndi lamulo latsopano ku France loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapulasitiki m'malo ophikira chakudya pambuyo poletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi opangira pulasitiki komanso kuletsa kuperekedwa kwa udzu wapulasitiki.
Thailand
Thailand idaletsa zinthu zapulasitiki monga ma microbead apulasitiki ndi mapulasitiki owonongeka ndi okosijeni pofika kumapeto kwa 2019, adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito matumba apulasitiki opepuka okhala ndi makulidwe ochepera 36 ma microns, udzu wapulasitiki, mabokosi azakudya a styrofoam, makapu apulasitiki, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo adakwaniritsa cholinga chobwezeretsanso zinyalala zapulasitiki 100% pofika kumapeto kwa Novembala 2027. pempho loperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe, kuletsa malo ogulitsira akuluakulu ndi malo ogulitsira kuti asapereke zikwama zapulasitiki zotayidwa kuyambira Januware 1, 2020.
Germany
Ku Germany, mabotolo akumwa pulasitiki adzakhala chizindikiro ndi 100% zongowonjezwdwa pulasitiki malo otchuka, masikono, zokhwasula-khwasula, pasitala ndi matumba chakudya ayambanso kugwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chachikulu cha mapulasitiki zongowonjezwdwa, ndipo ngakhale mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu, ma CD mankhwala mafilimu, mabokosi pulasitiki ndi pallets zobwezerezedwanso, zopangidwa pulasitiki zongowonjezwdwa. Kuwongolera kosalekeza pakubwezeretsanso pulasitiki ku Germany kukugwirizana ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwa malingaliro oteteza chilengedwe komanso kukhwimitsa malamulo oyika zinthu ku Germany ndi European Union. Njirayi ikupita patsogolo pakati pa mitengo yamphamvu yamagetsi. Pakadali pano, Germany ikuyesera kupititsa patsogolo "malire apulasitiki" pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma CD, kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma CD ogwiritsidwanso ntchito, kukulitsa kukonzanso kwapamwamba kotsekeka, ndikukhazikitsanso zizindikiro zobwezeretsanso zopangira mapulasitiki. Kusuntha kwa Germany kukukhala mulingo wofunikira mu EU.
China
Kumayambiriro kwa 2008, China idakhazikitsa "dongosolo la malire a pulasitiki", lomwe limaletsa kupanga, kugulitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matumba ogula pulasitiki okhala ndi makulidwe osakwana 0.025 mm m'dziko lonselo, ndipo masitolo akuluakulu onse, masitolo, misika yamsika ndi malo ena ogulitsa katundu saloledwa kupereka matumba ogula pulasitiki kwaulere.
Kodi kuchita bwino?
Zikafika pa 'Momwe mungachitire bwino', zimatengera kukhazikitsidwa ndi mayiko ndi maboma awo. Njira zina zamapulasitiki ndi njira zochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki kapena kuwonjezera kompositi ndizabwino, komabe, zimafunika kugula kuchokera kwa anthu kuti azigwira ntchito.
Pamapeto pake, njira iliyonse yomwe ingalowe m'malo mwa pulasitiki, imaletsa mapulasitiki ena monga kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi, imalimbikitsa kukonzanso kapena kupanga kompositi ndi kufunafuna njira zina zochepetsera pulasitiki zidzathandiza kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-12-2023