M'zaka zaposachedwa, nkhani yokhudzana ndi zinthu zokhazikika yakula kwambiri, ikufanana ndi chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha zotsatira za chilengedwe zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mapulasitiki wamba. Zipangizo zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka ndi biodegradable zatuluka ngati chiyembekezo cha chiyembekezo, zomwe zikuphatikiza chikhalidwe cha chuma chozungulira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zinthu.Zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwononga zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimathandizira kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.
1.PHA
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ndi ma polima owonongeka omwe amapangidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nthawi zambiri mabakiteriya, mosiyanasiyana. Wopangidwa ndi ma monomers a hydroxyalkanoic acid, PHA ndiwodziwikiratu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwake, kubwezanso kuchokera kushuga wakumera, komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndi ntchito kuyambira pakuyika mpaka pazida zamankhwala, PHA imayimira njira yodalirika yogwiritsira ntchito zachilengedwe m'malo mwa mapulasitiki wamba, ngakhale akukumana ndi zovuta zomwe zikupitilira pakuchita bwino komanso kupanga kwakukulu.
2.PLA
Polylactic Acid (PLA) ndi biodegradable and bioactive thermoplastic yochokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso monga chimanga wowuma kapena nzimbe. Imadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino, PLA imawonetsa zinthu zabwino zamakina. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulongedza, nsalu, ndi zida zamankhwala, PLA imakondweretsedwa chifukwa chogwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso kuthekera kwake kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Monga njira yokhazikika ya mapulasitiki achikhalidwe, PLA imagwirizana ndi kutsindika kwa kukula kwa zinthu zokometsera zachilengedwe m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.Kupanga kwa asidi wa polylactic kulibe kuipitsidwa ndipo mankhwalawo amatha kuwonongeka. Imazindikira kuzungulira kwachilengedwe ndipo ndi zinthu zobiriwira za polima.
3.Selulosi
Ma cellulose, yochokera ku makoma a cell cell, ndizinthu zosunthika zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira mumakampani opanga ma CD. Monga chida chongongowonjezedwanso komanso chochulukira, cellulose imapereka njira yokhazikika yopangira zinthu wamba. Kaya amachokera ku nkhuni, thonje, kapena zotsalira zaulimi, zoyikapo za cellulose zimapereka maubwino angapo. Kupaka kwa cellulose kumakhala kowonongeka, komwe kumawonongeka pakapita nthawi. Mapangidwe ena amathanso kupangidwa kuti akhale compostable, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa zinyalala zachilengedwe.Poyerekeza ndi zida zamapaketi zachikhalidwe, zosankha za cellulose nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mpweya wochepa wa carbon.
4.PPC
Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC) ndi polymer ya thermoplastic yomwe imaphatikiza zinthu za polypropylene ndi polycarbonate. Ndi zinthu zotengera zachilengedwe komanso zowola, zomwe zimapereka njira yosamalira zachilengedwe m'malo mwa mapulasitiki achikhalidwe. PPC imachokera ku carbon dioxide ndi propylene oxide, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yowonjezereka komanso yokhazikika.PPC idapangidwa kuti izitha kuwonongeka m'mikhalidwe ina, kulola kuti iwonongeke m'magulu achilengedwe pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.
5.PHB
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) ndi poliyesitala yomwe imatha kuwonongeka ndi biodegradable yomwe ili m'gulu la polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHB imapangidwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana monga chosungira mphamvu. Ndizodziwikiratu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwake kwachilengedwe, kubwezeredwanso, komanso chilengedwe cha thermoplastic, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala wodalirika pakufunafuna njira zina zokhazikika m'malo mwa mapulasitiki azikhalidwe. PHB ndiyotheka kuwonongeka, kutanthauza kuti imatha kuphwanyidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'malo osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chichepe poyerekeza ndi mapulasitiki osawonongeka.
6. Wowuma
Pankhani yonyamula, wowuma umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati chinthu chokhazikika komanso chosawonongeka, chopereka njira zoteteza zachilengedwe m'malo mwa mapulasitiki wamba. Zochokera ku zomera, zoyikapo zokhala ndi wowuma zimagwirizana ndi kuyesetsa kwapadziko lonse kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha zinthu zolongedza.
7.PBAT
PBAT ndi polima wonyezimira komanso compostable wa banja la aliphatic-aromatics copolyesters. Zinthu zosunthikazi zidapangidwa kuti zithetse zovuta zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mapulasitiki achikhalidwe, ndikupereka njira ina yokhazikika. PBAT ikhoza kutengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso, monga zopangira zakudya zopangira mbewu. Kupeza kongowonjezedwa kumeneku kumagwirizana ndi cholinga chochepetsa kudalira zinthu zakale zotsalira. Ndipo idapangidwa kuti iwononge biodegrade pansi pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timaphwanya polima kukhala zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala za pulasitiki zichepetse.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka ndi biodegradable zikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kumayendedwe okhazikika m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Zipangizozi, zochokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso, zimakhala ndi mphamvu yachilengedwe yowola mwachilengedwe, kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino ndi Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Polylactic Acid (PLA), ndi Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC), iliyonse yopereka zinthu zapadera monga biodegradability, renewable sourcing, and versatility. Kukumbatira zinthu zosawonongeka kumagwirizana ndi kukakamiza kwapadziko lonse kogwiritsa ntchito njira zokomera zachilengedwe m'malo mwa mapulasitiki achikhalidwe, kuthana ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kuipitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa zinthu. Zidazi zimapeza ntchito pamapaketi, zovala, ndi zida zamankhwala, zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale chuma chozungulira pomwe zinthu zimapangidwa poganizira za kutha kwa moyo. Ngakhale pali zovuta monga kutsika mtengo komanso kupanga kwakukulu, kafukufuku wopitilira komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumafuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka, kupangitsa tsogolo lokhazikika komanso losamala zachilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-07-2023