Nkhani - Kanema Wogulitsa PLA: Mapulogalamu 5 Apamwamba Pakuyika Chakudya

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kugogomezera kwapadziko lonse pakukhazikika kwafalikira kumakampani opanga ma CD. Mafilimu apulasitiki achikhalidwe, monga PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), akhala akulamulira kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa cha kukhalitsa komanso kusinthasintha. Komabe, nkhawa zakukhudzidwa kwawo zachilengedwe zachititsa chidwifilimu yowonongekanjira zina monga Cellophane ndi PLA (Polylactic Acid). Nkhaniyi ikupereka kufananitsa kwamphamvu pakati pa makanema owonongeka ndi omwe amapangidwa kale ndi makanema apachikhalidwe a PET, ndikuwunika momwe amapangidwira, momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso mtengo wake.

Mapangidwe Azinthu ndi Gwero

Kanema Wachikhalidwe wa PET

PET ndi utomoni wopangidwa ndi pulasitiki wopangidwa kudzera mu polymerization ya ethylene glycol ndi terephthalic acid, zonse zomwe zimachokera ku mafuta opanda mafuta. Monga zinthu zomwe zimadalira kwathunthu mafuta osasinthika, kupanga kwake kumakhala kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndipo kumathandizira kwambiri pakutulutsa mpweya wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Filimu Yowonongeka Kwambiri

✅Mafilimu a Cellophane:Mafilimu a Cellophanendi filimu ya biopolymer yopangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose yopangidwanso, yochokera ku zamkati zamatabwa. Izi zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zongowonjezwdwa monga matabwa kapena nsungwi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbiri yake ikhale yokhazikika. Kupanga kumaphatikizapo kusungunula cellulose mu njira ya alkali ndi carbon disulfide kupanga njira ya viscose. Njirayi imatulutsidwa kudzera mu kagawo kakang'ono ndikusinthidwanso kukhala filimu. Ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yopatsa mphamvu kwambiri ndipo mwachizolowezi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owopsa, njira zatsopano zopangira zinthu zikukonzekera kuti zichepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa kupanga cellophane.
✅Mafilimu a PLA:Chithunzi cha PLA(Polylactic Acid) ndi thermoplastic biopolymer yochokera ku lactic acid, yomwe imapezeka kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso monga chimanga wowuma kapena nzimbe. Izi zimazindikirika ngati njira yokhazikika kusiyana ndi mapulasitiki akale chifukwa chodalira zakudya zaulimi osati mafuta oyaka. Kupanga kwa PLA kumaphatikizapo nayonso mphamvu ya mashuga a zomera kuti apange lactic acid, yomwe imapangidwa ndi polymerized kupanga biopolymer. Izi zimawononga mafuta ochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kupanga mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi petroleum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti PLA ikhale yabwino kwambiri.

Environmental Impact

Biodegradability

Cellophane: Zowonongeka kwathunthu ndi compostable m'nyumba kapena m'mafakitale kompositi, zomwe zimawonongeka mkati mwa masiku 30-90.
PLA: Zosawonongeka pansi pamikhalidwe ya kompositi yamakampani (≥58°C ndi chinyezi chambiri), nthawi zambiri mkati mwa masabata 12-24. Osawonongeka m'madzi am'madzi kapena zachilengedwe.
PET: Osawonongeka. Itha kupitilira chilengedwe kwa zaka 400-500, zomwe zimathandizira kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki kwa nthawi yayitali.

Carbon Footprint

Cellophane: Kutulutsa kozungulira kwa moyo kumachokera ku 2.5 mpaka 3.5 kg CO₂ pa kilogalamu ya filimu, kutengera njira yopangira.

PLA: Amapanga pafupifupi 1.3 mpaka 1.8 kg CO₂ pa kg ya filimu, yotsika kwambiri kuposa mapulasitiki achikhalidwe.

PET: Nthawi zambiri mpweya umachokera ku 2.8 mpaka 4.0 kg CO₂ pa kilogalamu imodzi ya filimu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyaka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

Kubwezeretsanso

Cellophane: Ikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso mwaukadaulo, koma nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi manyowa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwake.
PLA: Zobwezerezedwanso m'malo apadera, ngakhale zomangamanga zenizeni ndizochepa. Zambiri za PLA zimatha m'malo otayiramo kapena kuwotchedwa.
PET: Zogwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso zovomerezeka m'mapulogalamu ambiri amtawuni. Komabe, mitengo yobwezeretsanso padziko lonse lapansi imakhalabe yotsika (~ 20-30%), ndi 26% yokha ya mabotolo a PET obwezeretsedwanso ku US (2022).

Magwiridwe ndi Katundu

Kusinthasintha ndi Mphamvu

Cellophane
Cellophane imawonetsa kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kukana kung'ambika pang'ono, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuyika mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kusamalidwa bwino pakati pa kukhulupirika kwamapangidwe komanso kutseguka kosavuta. Kulimba kwake kumayambira nthawi zambiri100-150 MPa, kutengera momwe amapangira komanso ngati atakutidwa kuti apititse patsogolo zotchinga. Ngakhale kuti si yamphamvu ngati PET, mphamvu ya cellophane yopindika popanda kusweka komanso kumva kwake kwachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kukulunga zinthu zopepuka komanso zofewa monga zowotcha ndi maswiti.

PLA (Polylactic Acid)
PLA imapereka mphamvu zamakina zamakina, zokhala ndi mphamvu zokhazikika pakati50-70 MPa, zomwe zikufanana ndi mapulasitiki ena wamba. Komabe, akebrittlenessNdikofunikira kwambiri - pansi pa kupsinjika kapena kutentha pang'ono, PLA imatha kusweka kapena kusweka, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yocheperako pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kukana kwakukulu. Zowonjezera ndi kuphatikiza ndi ma polima ena amatha kulimbitsa kulimba kwa PLA, koma izi zitha kukhudza compostability yake.

PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)
PET imadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha makina ake abwino kwambiri. Amapereka mphamvu zolimba kwambiri - kuyambira50 mpaka 150 MPa, kutengera zinthu monga giredi, makulidwe, ndi njira zopangira (mwachitsanzo, biaxial orientation). Kuphatikizika kwa PET kusinthasintha, kulimba, komanso kukana kubowola ndikung'ambika kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chomwe chimakondedwa pamabotolo akumwa, mathireyi, komanso kulongedza kochita bwino kwambiri. Zimagwira bwino pa kutentha kwakukulu, kusunga umphumphu pansi pa kupsinjika maganizo komanso panthawi yoyendetsa.

Zolepheretsa Katundu

Cellophane
Cellophane ndizotchinga zolimbitsa katundumotsutsana ndi mpweya ndi chinyezi. Zakemlingo wotumizira mpweya (OTR)kawirikawiri zimachokera ku500 mpaka 1200 cm³/m²/tsiku, yomwe ndi yokwanira pazinthu zazing'ono monga zokolola zatsopano kapena zophika. Pamene yokutidwa (mwachitsanzo, ndi PVDC kapena nitrocellulose), chotchinga chake ntchito bwino kwambiri. Ngakhale ndi yolowera kwambiri kuposa PET kapena PLA, kupuma kwachilengedwe kwa cellophane kumatha kukhala kopindulitsa pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira kusinthana kwa chinyezi.

PLA
Mafilimu a PLA amaperekabwino kukana chinyezi kuposa cellophanekoma ndikuchuluka kwa oxygen permeabilitykuposa PET. OTR yake nthawi zambiri imagwera pakati100-200 cm³/m²/tsiku, kutengera makulidwe a filimu ndi crystallinity. Ngakhale sizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi okosijeni (monga zakumwa za carbonated), PLA imachita bwino pakulongedza zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi zakudya zowuma. Zolemba zatsopano za PLA zowonjezera zotchinga zikupangidwa kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito pamapulogalamu ovuta kwambiri.

PET
PET amaperekawapamwamba chotchinga katundukudutsa gulu. Ndi OTR yotsika ngati1-15 cm³/m²/tsiku, imakhala yothandiza kwambiri potsekereza mpweya ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kusungiramo zakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya alumali. Kuthekera kwa zotchingira za PET kumathandizanso kuti zinthu ziziwoneka bwino, kaboniation, komanso kutsitsimuka, ndichifukwa chake imayang'anira gawo lazakumwa zam'mabotolo.

Kuwonekera

Zida zonse zitatu-Cellophane, PLA, ndi PET- kuperekabwino kuwala kumveka, kuwapanga kukhala oyenera kunyamula katundu komwechiwonetsero chazithunzindikofunikira.

Cellophaneali ndi mawonekedwe onyezimira komanso kumva kwachilengedwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakulitsa malingaliro amisiri kapena zinthu zachilengedwe.
PLAndizowoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo zimapereka mawonekedwe osalala, onyezimira, ofanana ndi PET, omwe amakopa ma brand omwe amafunikira kuwonetseredwa koyera komanso kukhazikika.
PETimakhalabe chizindikiro chamakampani kuti chimveke bwino, makamaka pamagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mabotolo amadzi ndi zotengera zowoneka bwino zazakudya, pomwe kuwonekera kwambiri ndikofunikira kuti ziwonetsedwe zamtundu wazinthu.

Mapulogalamu Othandiza

Kupaka Chakudya

Cellophane: Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zatsopano, zophika buledi za mphatso, mongamatumba a mphatso za cellophane, ndi confectionery chifukwa cha kupuma komanso kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe.

PLA: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira muzotengera za clamshell, kupanga mafilimu, ndi kuyika mkaka chifukwa cha kumveka kwake komanso compostability, mongafilimu yodyera ya PLA.

PET: Muyezo wamabotolo a zakumwa, zotengera zakudya zowundana, ndi zotengera zosiyanasiyana, zamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso ntchito yotchinga.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Industrial

Cellophane: Imapezeka m'mapulogalamu apadera monga kukulunga ndudu, kuyika matuza amankhwala, ndi zokutira mphatso.

PLA: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzopaka zamankhwala, mafilimu aulimi, komanso mochulukira muzosindikiza za 3D.

PET: Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika katundu wa ogula, zida zamagalimoto, ndi zamagetsi chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kukana kwa mankhwala.

Kusankha pakati pa zosankha zomwe zingawonongeke ngati Cellophane ndi PLA kapena makanema apachikhalidwe a PET zimatengera zinthu zingapo kuphatikiza zomwe zimafunikira chilengedwe, zosowa zamachitidwe, ndi zovuta za bajeti. Ngakhale kuti PET imakhalabe yolamulira chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika komanso katundu wabwino kwambiri, kulemedwa kwa chilengedwe ndi malingaliro a ogula akuyendetsa mafilimu omwe amatha kuwonongeka. Cellophane ndi PLA amapereka maubwino azachilengedwe ndipo amatha kukulitsa chithunzithunzi chamtundu, makamaka m'misika yoganizira zachilengedwe. Kwa makampani omwe akuyang'ana kuti azikhala patsogolo pazochitika zokhazikika, kuyika ndalama m'njira zina izi kungakhale kusuntha koyenera komanso kwanzeru.